3.5 Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL)¶
3.5.1 Inputs¶
For each DMA:
- Length of mains, LM
- Number of service connections Nc,
- Length of service pipes Lp
- Average zonal pressure, Pz
3.5.2 Units¶
- Input, Length of mains, Lm: km
- Input, Nc: [-]
- Input, Lp: km
- Input, Pz: mWc
- Output: L/s
3.5.3 Formulas¶
- \(UARL=(18*L_{m}+0.8*N_{C}+25*L_{P})*P_{Z} )/86400\)
3.5.4 Aggregations over regional zones¶
- No, sum if based on MNF
- Sum, if based on ANF